Electrostatics and laws of electrostatics

 Electrostatics and laws of electrostatics

Electricity is the study of charges at rest and in motion. The study of charges at rest is called static electricity, and the study of charges is called current electricity or dynamics electricity. First of all, here we discuss the static charges and their properties and laws of static electricity.

Electricity charge: As we know mass is the inherent property of an object as smaller objects have small inertia as compared to larger mass that have large inertia the other inherent property of an object is its charge which means that the greater the charge the larger the force and vice versa. We have two types of charges positive and negative charges both charges have the same magnitude and they work the principle that similar charges attract each other and opposite charges repel. An object has the same charges and we cannot make or destroy them as the charges obey the law of conservation of energy but only we can transfer from one object to the other but the total number remains the same.

Charge: It is the property of an object which works on the principle that the similar charges repel each other and opposite charge attracts each other.

Electrification: Electric charges are not created not destroyed in the process of charging an object only transferred from one object to another object.

Electrostatic induction: The phenomenon in which a charged body changes the charge distribution of a nearby neutral body is known as electrostatic induction.

Electroscope: Electroscope is a device used for detecting and testing the nature of charge on a body. It works on the principle that similar charges repel each other. A simple form of electroscope of a metal bar that has a metallic sphere at its upper end. A thin flexible metal leaf is attached to the lower end of the metal bar. The metal leaf is made of gold silver copper or any other metal to conduct charges.

Working principle of electroscope: In order to detect charge on a body the body must touch the metal ball. And its works on the principle that similar charges repel each other.

Electric field and its intensity: When we study the electricity we must know about the electricity field and its intensity it is a most important term because without these terms we do not specify the magnitude of forces of charges or how much force acts on an object. So here we describe the electric field and its intensity.

Electric field: The region surrounding a charge in which it exerts the force of attraction or repulsion on another charge is known as electric field. Mathematically

                                      E= f/q

It is vector quantity which means that it have magnitude and direction.

Electric field intensity: The strength of the field at any point is called electric field intensity.

Electric potential: The electric potential is the energy “u” per unit charge “q” in an electric field is called electric potential.

                                     v= u/q=w/q 

The energy is the form of work so we say that work done per unit charge is called is called potential energy. It unit is volt.